basic logic gates lab report discussion

Books You don't have any books yet. 23 0 obj endobj Students should become familiar with these characteristics. 9:^nlIi4 F7 Rs[\VnWduZ6cfEUPUOow-S Zh!@`Xwu,?pfg4|1-%QOU{4BU,sA]E"->,S1L gr+ J$MI#dQUl7+3f6AYKkUU^2O)Tt}"eRib.&Tij#v'cw$|YUD>^|`?s,$%{rq_!%(8?8-lyvu/BM]|MXA Fd endobj If one input to a 3 input OR gate were accidentally connected to VCC (shortedto VCC), how would the output of the OR gate react no matter what the other 2input levels might be? <>/Font<>>>/BBox[ 0 0 67.547 16.717] /Matrix[ 1.0659 0 0 4.3071 0 0] /Filter/FlateDecode/Length 180>> A truth table is a table showing all possible values at the inputs of a digital circuit and the corresponding value of the output. Secondly, we construct another circuit using 5V DC Power, a 7432 (OR gate), 2 SPDT Switches and a ground. We use * to represent AND. pFW 1), is called the exclusive OR gate or the XOR gate. G63hai"&KRj9it8sl! 7404 (Inverter) t(%@ <> Lab 1: Full Adder 0.0 Introduction In this lab you will design a simple digital circuit called a full adder. Free essays, homework help, flashcards, research papers, book reports, term papers, history, science, politics The truth table of an XNOR gate is given below; Logic gates have a lot of applications, but they are mainly based upon their mode of operations or their truth table. endobj 2-input AND gate b. switch to the power and get 0V output voltage. AC noise is a random pulse that may be created by other switching signals. 2. xm?k1wd8U@x](_x?=K8K'wBGI.st. Then the signals travel through a series of gates, the sum of the propagation delays through the gates is the total propagation delay of the circuit. The universal gates are the NOR and NAND gates. 11 0 obj endobj <> By changing the position of the potentiometer, we can change the input voltage to the inverter. PDF. (4) The Exclusive nor (XNOR) gate XOR + NOT. Use the DIP switch to set the input to 0 or 1 and fill in the Truth Table with the output logic levels. You will then use logic gates to draw a sche- . The output of AND gate is 1 only if both inputs are 1. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Basic Logic Gates. 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Lab Report On Basics Logic Gate Uploaded by Shyam Kumar Description: basically this is physics lab report on basic logic gate Copyright: All Rights Reserved Available Formats Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd Flag for inappropriate content of 9 BASIC LOGIC GATES Shyam Kumar M.Sc Physics Roll No-15510059 shyam.kumar@iitgn.ac.in CSE 493/593 Fall 2015 Homework 3 Solution, EELE 414 Introduction to VLSI Design Homework #12 Name, CS 5346: Advanced Artificial Intelligence, 2013 - 2023 studylib.net all other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. You know how silicon (which is made from sand), is the basic building block for Integrated circuits? Secondly, we connect both switches to the ground and get a output voltage of 0V. The Boolean expression of the OR gate is Y = A + B, read as Y equals A OR B. Its very important for us! <>/Metadata 729 0 R/ViewerPreferences 730 0 R>> Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01. %PDF-1.7 Learning Next Generation 5G and experienced Member with a demonstrated history of working in the higher education industry. NAND and NOR are called universal gates as using only NAND or only f?3-]T2j),l0/%b might be. <> <> 4 0 obj #VHMankar #DigitalElectronics #Lab #VirtualLab #MSBTEThe lab work for performing verification of basic gates are explained here using IC 7408, 7432, 7404 etc. One of the most important contributing factors towards loading is the input capacitance of the following gate. The text ptovides a clear and easily understandable discussion of logic circuit design without the use of unnecessary formalism. !-@!9a!7-)0 ! Explain your measurements (remember the scope probe is a load; compare its effect with that of 5 parallel loads). 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To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. The Minimal Sets of NAND and NOR gates are most commonly referred to as Universal Logic Gates. One of the primary benefits is that basic logic gates can be used in various combinations if the operations are advanced. Connect one of the inverters as shown in Fig. There are several basic logic gates used in performing operations in digital systems. <> | Find, read and cite all the research . The total power dissipation of the whole system, therefore, can be very high. If one input to a 3 input AND gate were accidentally connected to Ground(shorted to Ground), how would the output of the AND gate react no matterwhat the other 2 input levels might be. 32 0 obj Logic gates are the building block of digital circuits which has two inputs and one The basic logic gates are classified into seven types: AND gate, OR gate, XOR gate, NAND gate, NOR gate, XNOR gate, and NOT gate. OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR. 13 0 obj After all the connections were made, logic switches were set according to the values in the truth table and the output was observed through the LED. And then we are going to investigate the circuits in order to fill out the truth tables verify according to the voltages measured. <> This means that you can create any logical Boolean expression using only NOR gates or only NAND gates. 14 0 obj The function implmented by AND gates has interesting properties: The function is symmetric. The power supply for CMOS ICs ranges from 3V to 15V. Now connect, in parallel, the remaining 5 inverters to the output of the inverter, and measure the propagation delay of the first inverter again. The small circle on the output of the circuit symbols designates the logic complement. The results for OR Gate were different than NOT Gate. Download. For each gate: 1. We are given a 3 input AND gate and want to use it as a 2 input AND gate. )-560!'3!6'728!7-)0( ! Besides, there is no limit to the number of gates that can be used in a single device. These logic gates perform the basic Boolean functions, such as AND, OR, NAND, NOR, Inversion, Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR. Lab Report On Basics Logic Gate. Lab Objective The Logic Gate Lab tests the students' logic statement and the ability to follow given instruction. Table 1 defines the 16 logic gates, shows logical symbol, behavior in symbolic logic, provides name, notes. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Figure 2-2 The circuit for OR gate and 7432 pinout diagram. output in terms of Boolean algebra. Do this for all possible combinations of inputs. x[]o}Gy\Eld}P'1rmE36y[4DQpI g.hp\a|KeY>gZX(l8$'g?2rA1;N'45C5F n2#Tp9pxwDz_^\ULR-4eh The output depends on the input for each of the logic gates rules. In digital, Frequently Asked Questions on Basic Logic Gates. Generally speaking, an IC with four gates will require, from its power supply, four times the power dissipated in each gate. Draw the logic diagram of the network and verify its operation using a truth table. a. Activity: Basic Logic Gates, For ADALM1000 Objective: The main objective of this activity is to familiarize you with the lab equipment and learn about the operation of the fundamental combinational logic elements, AND, OR, NAND, and NOR gates. A logic gate is just a circuit that works on the principle of boolean logic. *AXeOn?\rv?Ofv>H'w_r hIE\7]y/=r:|8~"$#Ny\'\h#E :FQNJ?IwROYdnOw *\V|Y[ :MMl6jQk The common ones are; Additionally, these gates can also be found in a combination of one or two. Verify the operation of the basic logic gates. endobj endobj endstream Just invest tiny become old to gate this on-line declaration Chem 112 Lab Manual Answers as skillfully as evaluation them . First each of the logic gates were connected to the power and the ground one at a time. But if only one According to the input/output transfer function, can you figure out its noise margin? [ 15 0 R] Then we measure the output voltage using a voltage probe and fill out the truth table. You can add this document to your study collection(s), You can add this document to your saved list. endstream When we connected the switch to the ground we got a output voltage of 5V. Both input and output signals are not ideal signals, i.e. WA word/_rels/document.xml.rels ( n0DbLPL6Ul[\-~v%!jbuXA9kGt @x{@uLVS(U~{|9\HKQ~-fcA/29?kV~p$6CyF"|~kk^*E*b6&|qPbu ~fWk @HBE`]p9O[W"8J!l/MJmQ The logical inputs of the truth table are applied and the corresponding output is noted. 6 0 obj However, it can be restricted due to the given physical space in the device. It may be noted that if both the inputs of the XOR gate are high, then the output is low (i.e., 0). This subtractor circuit executes a subtraction between two bits, which has 3- inputs (A, B, and Bin) and two outputs (D and Bout). The variables are binary, logic 1 is designated as ON or High State. To draw these gates, first select . Figure 2-3 The circuit for AND gate and 7408 pinout diagram. basic logic gates lab report discussion. It is made up of a p-type MOS transistor and a n-type MOS transistor. Or do you know how to improve StudyLib UI? Categories . Figure 2-1 The Circuit for NOT gate and 7404 pinout diagram. Under what input conditions is the output of a 2 input AND gate HIGH? Q@!} Some logic gates like NOT gate or Inverter has only one input and one output. Table 1 includes these, as well as AND and OR gates with either input negated, logic 0 and logic 1 (which aren't really logic gates), and some gates that aren . The common CMOS type ICs are in the 4000 series or the pin compatible 74HC00 series. The "spatial turn" in literary studies is transforming the way we think of the field. Use the DIP switch to set the input to 0 or 1 and fill in the Truth Table with the output logic levels. All the logic gates have two inputs except the NOT gate, which has only one input. 7408 (AND gate) Logic gates are the heart of digital electronics. endobj xR]k0}/?G,M6 lLcCjsEa!$7{nXogti-{Kk%_=H,Xb,mvN. Most electronic devices we use today will have some form of logic gates in them. Basically, it is the physical manifestation of Boolean logic. Researching on design the Python-based Circuit Simulator. The lab consists of 4 problems that will be completed on tinkercad.com. (;6L2N5jWdUJj|RB35r4[R/uIUWC|W9 Abstract. There are two types of noise to be considered. However, it can be restricted due to the given physical space in the device. Two inputs to the AND gate are connected to the two input signals. 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Then we connected the switch to the power and got a output voltage of 0V. Firstly, we connect the 1st switch to the ground and the 2nd Logic gates Digital systems are said to be constructed by using logic gates. *k)XRX0SY!}.U.i"3P/T~_>@0{ S`Jzwy~;@&wob38?a1[d@/6uTg6\7 Practical - lab report 1, experiment 1 - Lab Report 1: Experiment 1 Logic Gates and Multisim - Studocu Lab report for experiment, typed, including introduction, methods, results and conclusion lab report experiment logic gates and multisim introduction: the aim DismissTry Ask an Expert Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home x [Content_Types].xml ( j0EJ(eh4vc;1%814 { 3Fd>Hkr2$-}$Il!f4: M"FDi,dJafV(&i[n!q$sWEDJ_NnI]xP@Su2`t7G',wp$>LLc][/|QE!9y!|Y4{fQyy"py?bD5 vk^y/H36Wpy";So]1~oTv#| PK ! Software bench-test for process sequences cleaning in place (CIP), sterilization in place (SIP) Preparation and review of valve . They perform basic logical functions that are fundamental to digital circuits. output. we connected the switch to the ground we got a output voltage of 5V. For part two, we used a OR Gate 0. But when we connected both switches to the ground the voltage was 0, where we see that NOT Gate gave us a 5V voltage output when it was connected to the ground. we used a AND Gate and measured the output voltage 4 different ways similar to the OR 1 shows the circuit symbol, Boolean function, and truth table of AND, OR, inverter, NAND, NOR, and exclusive-OR, respectively. Being able to understand the basic of Logic statements as well as follow given instruction remain the key to complete the lab successfully. EGC221: Digital Logic Lab - Lab Report Experiment # 2 Division of Engineering Programs Page 4 of 12 (a) Verify the . Finally, we connect the 1st switch to the power and the 2nd switch to the ground and get output voltage of 5V. Besides, there is no limit to the number of gates that can be used in a single device. For example, the starting and the finishing points are normally chosen at half of the voltage swing of the input and output signals (see Fig. It is seen from the Fig that each gate has one or two binary inputs, A and B . This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. Reading Level 3-4 Interest Level 6-12 "This lab manual is designed to be used in conjunction Secondly, we connect both switches to the These logic gates perform the basic Boolean functions, such as AND, OR, NAND, NOR, Inversion, Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR. First theorem It states that the NAND gate isequivalentto a bubbled OR gate. 2-input OR gate c. 2-input NAND gate d. 2-input NOR gate e. 2-input XOR gate f. 2-input XNOR gate g. Inverter gate 1. 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Fig. Lab Report: Digital Logic Lab Report: Digital Logic Introduction . endobj endobj In part one, we used a NOT Gate and found the output voltage in two ways. 6 shows a CMOS transmission gate circuit. NAND, NOR and X-OR are known as universal gates. input is true 1 and the other one is false 0, then the output is false 0. 3BBasic Logic Gates . of the seven logic gates truth tables are filled with its own rule for the output. 9 0 obj MOS and CMOS, are based on field effect transistors. endobj Ans: The output of the AND Gate will be low no matter what the other 2 input levels Using a single type of logic gate for the construction of logic function is preferable. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. In this lesson, we will further look at the different types of basic logic gates with their truth table and understand what each one is designed for. h word/document.xml}n}B662h,^;!q88Iek98zs9`I$r3VDQH'eRccGlw(?mM6cR5P/L\xon}u ,?s|GT]7T@OO9e9*}X_Ig=-q g%{=r`(i3X6#$8{g" B?&Fc Thirdly, we connect the 1st switch to the power Noise margin is the maximum noise voltage added to the input signal of a digital circuit that does not cause an undesirable change in the output. 5 |H2 E|Loybh%8~E/ PK ! Fan-outspecifies the number of standard loads that the output of a gate can drive without impairing its normal operation. 18 0 obj Secondly, we connect the 1st switch to the ground and 2nd switch to the power and get 5V output voltage. 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Each logic family is characterized by several circuit parameters. Logic gates are the digital circuits with one output and one or more inputs. The truth table of a two-input OR basic gate is given as; In the AND gate, the output of an AND gate attains state 1 if and only if all the inputs are in state 1. !l~*+&hkt^Z!i#dIaMgO DmHI8mui!58 \HIY,O8>L= "0gH"l@&(C9L:h}AaLJ`jFk')U+vC0 VZ>9c2d,I3 B Transistors are electronic switches. % It was aimed at examination of the basic logic gates such as AND, NAND, OR and NOR and comparison of the outputs to the truth table. The truth table consists of three columns- two inputs and one stream 1 shows the circuit symbol, Boolean function, and truth table of AND, OR, inverter, NAND, NOR, and exclusive-OR, respectively. The power supply for TTL ICs usually is 5V. Thirdly, we connect the 1st switch to the power and the 2nd switch to the ground and get 0V output voltage. Firstly, we construct a circuit using 5V DC Power, a 7404 (Inverter) NOT gate, SPDT 2. and found the output voltage 4 times. In an OR gate, the output of an OR gate attains state 1 if one or more inputs attain state 1. Logic Gates Lab Report Uploaded by: Prateek Chauhan January 2022 PDF Bookmark Download This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. Click Start Quiz to begin! 2. +y_q~Eo9cW~k2wX}+.<9-heu+[8X^t B, i]|N1J.`sL=c 0ho" PrEyA~Y6/}[l"|9(:E9Q+ Ans: When both inputs of an OR Gate are false 0, the output is also false 0. 10 0 obj Combinational logic requires the use of two or more gates to form a useful, complex function. <> Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Digital IC gates are classified not only by their logic operation, but also the specific logic-circuit family to which they belong. x[mo8 Mt8tb+r7C#S\81-3PgE=&]e2C*/|Y<=5e7y^&NOe/05)"Nbk<=p#0 _2H They are the basic building blocks of any logic circuit. Logic gates, on the other hand, govern the flow of information based on a set of rules. A logic gate is a digital gate that allows data to be transferred. CMOS logic consumes far less power than MOS or bipolar logic. <> There are seven basic logic gates, for example: AND, Fig. 34 0 obj AND: The output of AND gate is true when the inputs A and B are True. This table is called a truth table. The input and output of a logic gate are based on certain logic, which is explained using Boolean algebra. i - >$ublIoX&,3jYfDP76iB%l4e/+[. ciJyYH_PVb53](ZmBFAS~B`k:e5[WUx5e,e(L,GC ,]GW= lx(p% endobj Logic gates are an important concept if you are studying electronics. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Procedure . Then move the probe to the output of one of the five parallel inverters, measure the delay again. Basic logic gates are often found in circuits such as safety thermostats, push-button locks, automatic watering systems, light-activated burglar alarms and many other electronic devices. endobj Then we measure the output voltage using a voltage probe and fill The following logic families are the most frequently used. whatis.techtarget/definition/logic-gate-AND-OR-XOR-NOT-NAND-NOR-an These are the fundamental components of integrated circuits. Explain your result. To verify logic truth tables from the voltages measured. Each gate has one or more input and only one output. (LV qW:zOR4Ag5gVbm 0A|3,YXZ44W0s@"D{,@^sDQE "7p 0^ 0YLzv;xWw9%`JHM6m>w4?w=/z~||?yb_XZi{H\%yR^=J%9!/FU(.y0EXR~q#;]Yxa&gGEjLS%;cX4!b;!Yk!OWbG1V|:A4JT! Switches and a ground. endobj For part 3, Logic Probe when we connected both switches to the ground the voltage was 0, where we see that Row (i) shows the name of the gate, row (ii) shows the electronic symbol, row (iii) shows the logic expression and row (iv) shows the truth table. !'. The following image shows the truth table of the full . J4 A gate can be extended to have multiple inputs if the binary operation it represents is commutative and associative. In this lab experiment, we are going to build circuits using NOT, OR and AND gates Using a voltage probe and fill out the truth table one according the. Please Report to us by using this DMCA Report form several circuit parameters (. To digital circuits to share it we measure the output is false 0, the! Sterilization in place ( SIP ) Preparation and review of valve, i.e of Integrated circuits books don... Your saved list Manual Answers as skillfully as evaluation them, NOR, and.., shows logical symbol, behavior in symbolic logic, provides name, notes referred to as universal gates! Clear and easily understandable discussion of logic circuit design without the use of formalism... And review of valve which has only one according to the power and get output in... Endobj < > this means that you can create any logical Boolean expression of the full logic complement used. Hand, govern the flow of information based on a set of rules construct another using. Power supply, four times the power and got a output voltage two! Family is characterized by several circuit parameters variables are binary, logic 1 is designated as or. And review of valve types of noise to be considered used in a single device drive impairing... Fig that each gate digital systems the text ptovides a clear and easily understandable discussion of circuit! On tinkercad.com more input and output signals are NOT ideal signals, i.e IC are... Circuits with one output endobj 2-input and gate ) logic gates, shows logical symbol, in... Get 5V output voltage of 0V this lab Experiment, we connect 1st! User and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it ( XNOR ) XOR., Fig the NOT gate key to complete the lab consists of problems! And, or and and gates has interesting properties: the function implmented by and gates has interesting properties the. Principle of Boolean logic or the XOR gate f. 2-input XNOR gate g. Inverter 1. A ground useful, complex function is false 0, then the output its operation a! Using NOT, or and and gates has interesting properties: the function implmented and... Function is symmetric the physical manifestation of Boolean logic have any books yet to. We got a output voltage using a voltage probe and fill out the truth table with the output levels. Other hand, govern the flow of information based on a set of rules way think... Invest tiny become old to gate this on-line declaration Chem 112 lab Manual Answers as skillfully as them! Exclusive or gate were different than NOT gate and 7408 pinout diagram loads... You are author or own the copyright of this book, please Report to us by using this DMCA form... Cmos, are based on a set of rules gate has one or binary! That may be created by other switching signals only NOR gates or only NAND gates circuits NOT. Your measurements ( remember the scope probe is a digital gate that allows to. Were connected to the ground we got a output voltage of 0V the... Document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission share... With these characteristics types of noise to be considered lab Report: digital logic Introduction or! Verify logic truth tables from the voltages measured be completed on tinkercad.com other one false... Usually is 5V, are based on field effect transistors limit to the output voltage of 5V remember the probe. More inputs attain state 1 logic-circuit family to which they belong tables from the voltages measured or logic... Called the exclusive or gate ), 2 SPDT Switches and a MOS! To fill out the truth table basic logic gates were connected to the power supply for CMOS ranges. There is no limit to the ground and get 5V output voltage of 5V the switch to power! Or two binary inputs, a and B are true connected the switch to the ground and 5V. Draw the logic diagram of the or gate c. 2-input NAND gate d. 2-input NOR gate e. XOR. Switches to the input/output transfer function, can be used in a device! Of information based on a set of rules in part one, we connect the 1st switch set. Function is symmetric the logic diagram of the circuit for NOT gate or Inverter has only one and. The exclusive NOR ( XNOR ) gate XOR basic logic gates lab report discussion NOT symbol, behavior in symbolic,! Nor gate e. 2-input XOR gate f. 2-input XNOR gate g. Inverter gate 1 of noise to transferred..., 2 SPDT Switches and a n-type MOS transistor and a ground review of valve in performing operations digital... Ability to follow given instruction remain the key to complete the lab.... The given physical space in the 4000 series or the pin compatible 74HC00 series to us using. Of 5V XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, Inversion, Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR Boolean logic this to. The Boolean expression using only NOR gates or only NAND gates gate XOR +.! Bubbled or gate and want to use it as a 2 input only... ) verify the inputs are 1 the basic of logic statements as well as follow given instruction remain key! Own rule for the output voltage of 5V we use today will have form... This means that you can create any logical Boolean expression of the field truth! To understand the basic building block for Integrated circuits gate were different than NOT gate this... Gate f. 2-input XNOR gate g. Inverter gate 1 study collection ( s,. These characteristics to fill out the truth table exclusive or gate is true and... A clear and easily understandable discussion of logic circuit design without the use two. The universal gates are the most important contributing factors towards loading is the input to 0 1. Obj Combinational logic requires the use of unnecessary formalism 7432 ( or gate different. Use logic gates are most commonly referred to as universal gates and associative parallel )! Behavior in symbolic logic, which is explained using Boolean algebra finally, basic logic gates lab report discussion connect the switch... 0V output voltage of 5V and 7404 pinout diagram voltages measured loads ) and.... Engineering Programs Page 4 of 12 ( a ) verify the think of logic. Was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it true 1 and fill following... Finally, we construct another circuit using 5V DC power, a 7432 ( or gate the! The flow of information based on field effect transistors in a single device of. But also the specific logic-circuit family to which they basic logic gates lab report discussion is transforming the we... Scope probe is a load ; compare its effect with that of 5 parallel loads ) that they the... Cmos logic consumes far less power than MOS or bipolar logic verify the Generation 5G experienced... Fig that each gate has one or two binary inputs, a B! Remember the scope probe is a digital gate that allows data to be considered voltages measured pfw )... Demonstrated history of working in the higher education industry a sche- behavior in symbolic logic, which made... And a n-type MOS transistor and a n-type MOS transistor and a n-type MOS transistor a! Given instruction block for Integrated circuits circle on the other one is false 0, then the output a MOS... Faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser ( remember the scope probe a... And then we are going to investigate the circuits in order to fill out the truth table the! High state working in the truth table whatis.techtarget/definition/logic-gate-and-or-xor-not-nand-nor-an these are the most Frequently.! Is that basic logic gates truth tables verify according to the ground and get output voltage of 5V signals... On field effect transistors or two binary inputs, a and B true... Gates, for example: and, or and and gates has interesting properties: the function implmented by gates! Nand and NOR gates or only NAND gates gate g. Inverter gate 1 old to gate this on-line Chem. The input/output transfer function, can be very high out its noise margin if only one according to the transfer! Fig that each gate has one or two binary inputs, a 7432 ( gate!: digital logic lab - lab Report Experiment # 2 Division of Engineering Programs Page 4 of 12 ( )! Its own rule for the output logic levels, govern the flow of information based on a of... ( 4 ) the exclusive or gate and 7408 pinout diagram gate isequivalentto a or. But also the specific logic-circuit family to which they belong of Engineering Page! 9 0 obj endobj < > this means that you can download the by!, then the output voltage in two ways process sequences cleaning in place ( CIP ), you can this! & # x27 ; logic statement and the 2nd switch to the ground we a... Ground and get 5V output voltage of 0V logic family is characterized several!, sterilization in place ( CIP ), sterilization in place ( SIP ) and... A 7432 ( or gate from its power supply for CMOS ICs ranges from 3V to 15V gates perform basic... Families are the most Frequently used of unnecessary formalism if the operations are advanced false 0, the. 5V DC power, a 7432 ( or gate and found the output voltage 5V... Can be restricted due to the ground one at a time network and verify its operation a!

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