Hitler survived to wreak a terrible vengeance on at least 2,000 army officers (including Rommel) and launch a desperate counter-attack on the Western Front in December 1944, now known as the 'Battle of the Bulge'. On that same day Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, as head of OKW and Jodl's superior, was brought to Marshal Georgy Zhukov in Karlshorst and signed another instrument of surrender that was essentially identical to that signed in Rheims with two minor additions requested by the Soviets. The war dead totals listed in the report are based on the research by the CWGC to identify and commemorate Commonwealth war dead. [250][251] Rosefielde posits that the release of the Soviet Archive figures is disinformation generated by the modern KGB. [147] One of the worst one-day massacres during the German military occupation of Serbia was the Kragujevac massacre. In doing so, the Germans beat the Allies to the punch; the Allies had been planning an amphibious landing in which they could begin to surround Germany, cutting off her supply of raw materials from Sweden. 10 May 1945, Last edited on 21 December 2022, at 04:17, List of Commando raids on the Atlantic Wall, Western Front command tenures (World War II), Learn how and when to remove this template message, George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: 1 July 193930 June 1945. [384] The commission found that the demographic estimates by the German government of 220,000 to 270,000 civilian deaths due to expulsions from Czechoslovakia were based on faulty data. other overseas 23,388 killed and 0 wounded. Data from this document is listed in, Schimitzek, Stanislaw, Truth or Conjecture? 7879, German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948. Andreev EM; Darsky LE; Kharkova TL, Population dynamics: consequences of regular and irregular changes. Thailand: 6,900, 100, (7,000) (German government Statistical Office), Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p.79 (available online at, German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948. They place the ultimate blame for the mass flight and expulsion on the wartime policy of the Nazis in Eastern Europe. Germany: 157,621 casualties (27,074 dead (The final count of the German dead is possibly as high as 49,000 men when including the losses suffered by the Kriegsmarine, because of additional non-combat causes, the wounded who died of their injuries, and the missing who were confirmed as dead. These figures included the losses of Newfoundland and Southern Rhodesia. Rossiia i SSSR v voinakh XX veka: Poteri vooruzhennykh sil; statisticheskoe issledovanie OLMA-Press, 2001; ISBN 5-224-01515-4 Table 176", "Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2014-2015 p.38", "The "Debt of Honour Register" from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission", "Service Files of the Second World War War Dead, 19391947", "Seconde Guerre mondiale: tombs sous les bombes "amies", Bundesarchiv Euthanasie im Nationalsozialismus, "Bundeszentrale fr politische Bildung, Die Vertreibung der Deutschen aus den Gebieten jenseits von Oder und Neie", "Bundesamt fr Bevlkerungsschutz und Katastrophenhilfe Hampe: Der zivile Luftschutz im Zweiten Weltkrieg", Zahl der Vertreibungsopfer ist neu zu erforschen Rdiger Overmans Deutschlandfunk. Initial successes in bad weather, which gave them cover from the Allied air forces, resulted in a German penetration of over 80km (50mi) to within less than 16km (10mi) of the Meuse. Nor do the figures include additional deportations after the war). The liberation of Northern France and the Benelux countries was of special significance for the inhabitants of London and the southeast of England because it denied the Germans launch sites for their mobile V-1 and V-2 Vergeltungswaffen (reprisal weapons). The most numerous victims were Serbs. It is said that the Russians could have won the Second World War without any support from the US or Commonwealth forces, above all because of their large quantity of produced T-34 tanks. "For Austria the consequences of the Nazi regime and the Second World War were disastrous: During this period 2,700 Austrians had been executed and more than 16,000 citizens murdered in the concentration camps. This belief is untrue. Persons unaccounted for might have been burned beyond recognition in the falling buildings, disposed of in one of the mass cremations of the first week of recovery, or driven out of the city to die or recover without any record remaining. Italian losses amounted to 1,250 killed or missing, 4,780 wounded, and no information is provided on any who were captured. The U.S. Bureau of the Census noted that the official Yugoslav government figure of 1.7million war dead was overstated because it "was released soon after the war and was estimated without the benefit of a postwar census". Figure does not include the Nazi euthanasia program, German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948. After the war ended deaths at the hands of the Red Army and local Chinese population were 185,000 Manchuria, 28,000 in North Korea and 10,000 on Sakhalin and the Kurile islands. Schoenberg, Germans from the East: A Study of their migration, resettlement and subsequent group history, since 1945, Springer London, Limited, 1970; Hermann Kinder, Werner Hilgemann, Ernest A. Menze, Anchor Atlas of World History, Vol. [248][249] Robert Conquest and Steven Rosefielde have disputed the accuracy of the data from the Soviet archives, maintaining that the demographic data and testimonials by survivors of the Gulag labor camps indicate a higher death toll. [147] 2-These statistics include casualties of the volunteer forces from the Soviet Union. Dtv, Neuauflage 1992. Formosa (Taiwan): 28,500, 10,600, (39,100) Most of these losses occurred during the Nazi organized flight and evacuation during the war, and the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union; they point out that there are 80,522 confirmed deaths in the postwar internment camps. However, as the breakout took place during Operation Cobra at the western end of the bridge-head, the 21st Army Group that included the British and Canadian forces swung east and headed for Belgium, the Netherlands and Northern Germany, while the U.S. Twelfth Army Group advanced to their south via eastern France, Luxembourg and the Ruhr Area, rapidly fanning out into a broad front. New Guinea: 112,400, 15,200, (127,600) The Black Forest and Baden were overrun by the French First Army.[when?] 3133 (they give figure of 300,000 German deaths due to racial, religious and political persecution including 170,000 Jews. Third Axis Fourth Ally. pp. By The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. The database includes all servicemen and women who died during being listed in the Finnish army, navy or the air force. Ursprnge, Arten und Folgen des Konstrukts "Bevlkerung" vor, im und nach dem "Dritten Reich" Zur Geschichte der deutschen Bevlkerungswissensch: Rdiger Overmans. ^I China During World War II, 1.2million African Americans served in the U.S. Armed Forces and 708 were killed in action. 3). The database contains civilians in case they have been buried at a military cemetery. These figures include the casualties in Tokyo () 97,031 dead, 6,034 missing and 113,923 injured; in Hiroshima () 86,141 dead, 14,394 missing and 46,672 injured, in Nagasaki () 26,238 dead, 1,947 missing and 41,113 injured. If the British refused to agree to a peace treaty, one option was to invade. With a large number of men captured, the stubborn German resistance during the Allied campaign to reach the Rhine in February and March 1945 had been costly. Mainly for this reason, estimates of total dead in World War II vary anywhere from 35,000,000 to 60,000,000a statistical difference of no small import. These figures are for Germany in 1937 borders, (1961) The West German government issued a statement listing a total of 7,032,800 war dead: (military dead 3,760,000 in prewar 1937 borders, (1984) A German demographic study estimated 6,900,000 deaths caused by the war in prewar 1937 borders, (1991) A German demographic study estimated 5,450,000 to 5,600,000 war dead (4,300,000 military dead; 430,000 civilians killed in bombing raids and the land campaign and 882,000 deaths due to expulsions from Poland). The breakout by service is as follows: Army 234,874. During World War II, 14,059 American POWs died in enemy captivity throughout the war (12,935 held by Japan and 1,124 held by Germany). Military deaths from all causes totaled 2125million, including deaths in captivity of about 5million prisoners of war. On 16 November the Allies started a large scale autumn offensive called Operation Queen. While the U.S. Ninth and First Armies held their ground from Magdeburg through Leipzig to western Czechoslovakia, Eisenhower ordered three Allied field armies (1st French, and the U.S. by Konrad Adenauer. Belgian casualties are placed at 7,500 killed or missing, 15,850 wounded, and 200,000 captured. According to the College of Education of the University of South Florida "Approximately 11 million people were killed because of Nazi genocidal policy". Mentally and Physically Handicapped: Victims of the Nazi Era", Bundesarchiv: Euthanasie-Verbrechen 19391945, "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. A total of 2,230,500[263] persons were living in the settlements in October 1945 and 309,100 deaths were reported in special settlements for the years 19411948. Dutch Merchant Marine. . Total losses were 420,000 British, 200,000 French . Croatian emigres in the west made exaggerated allegations that 500,000600,000 Croatians and Chetniks were massacred by the Partisans after the war; these claims are cited by, This page was last edited on 1 January 2023, at 01:07. Vadim Erlikman, a Russian historian, estimates losses of Africans in the, 752 civilians were killed during the U.S. air attacks on. The local, According to an official U.S. report during the. Independent Russian historian Vadim Erlikman estimated Latvian civilian war dead in 194145 at 220,000 (35,000 in military operations; 110,000 executed, 35,000 in Germany and 40,000 due to hunger and disease. Tams Stark of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences has provided the following assessment of Hungarian losses. [256] In 2005 Tadeusz Piotrowski estimated the death toll in Soviet hands at 350,000. Civilians in Navy service 114,493 killed and 1,880 wounded and missing. The Germans managed to hold a large bridgehead (the Colmar Pocket), on the western bank of the Rhine and centered around the city of Colmar. Military dead were estimated with Soviet forces at 10,000 and 15,000 with German. On 15 August the Allies launched Operation Dragoon the invasion of Southern France between Toulon and Cannes. These figures vary because of the shift of borders between 1937 and 1940. The population listed here of 194.090million is taken from Soviet era sources. 10 Main Campaigns, Locations, And The Deaths of American Soldiers During World War 2 Battle of Normandy (29,204 soldiers), France Battles of the Meuse-Argonne (26,277 soldiers), France Battle of the Bulge (19,276 soldiers), Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany Central Europe Campaign (15,009) Battle of Okinawa (14,000 soldiers), Japan Krasnoiarskii gos. 1-Summary Report (July 1946) Total civilian casualties in Japan, as a result of 9 months of air attack, including those from the atomic bombs, were approximately 806,000. American military dead#^BF1, The reasons for the high human toll in Yugoslavia were as follows Both the Allies and Japanese also conscripted civilians to work as laborers and porters. The raids for which the British awarded the "North-West Europe Campaign of 1942" battle honour were: Operation Biting Bruneval (2728 February 1942), St Nazaire (2728 March 1942), Operation Myrmidon Bayonne (5 April 1942), Operation Abercrombie Hardelot (2122 April 1942), Dieppe (19 August 1942) and Operation Frankton Gironde (712 December 1942).[30][31]. ), Independent Russian historian Vadim Erlikman estimated Lithuanian civilian war dead in 194145 at 345,000 (25,000 in military operations; 230,000 executed, 15,000 in Germany and 75,000 due to hunger and disease. MacDonald, C (2005), The Last Offensive: The European Theater of Operations. Confirmed losses of civilian sailors due to German attacks and mines. Out of 60,000 Indian Army POWs taken at the Fall of Singapore, 11,000 died in captivity. Germans played for time in Reims. Burma (inc. India): 163,000, 1,500, (164,500) The preliminary data for Australian losses included 23,365 killed, 6,030 missing, 39,803 wounded, and 26,363 POWs. The French Ministry of Defense puts French military war dead at 200,000. Mai 1974. Recent historical scholarship has shed new light on the topic of Second World War casualties. The estimated breakdown for each Soviet republic of total war dead[10]^AY4. Civilians 7,500 (3,600 Merchant seaman, 1,500 resistance fighters, 1,800 civilians killed and 600 Jews killed)[94] [255], In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers estimated 150,000 Polish citizens were killed due to Soviet repression. As the operational commander of some of these forces[vague][clarification needed] was Grand Admiral Karl Dnitz, the new Reichsprsident (head of state) of the Third Reich this signaled that the European war was over. by Konrad Adenauer. "Allied casualties from D-day to VE totaled 766,294. Total missing and POW were 341,765 (283,322 with Axis and 58,443 with Allies), only about 80,000 survived Soviet captivity. In 1948 the Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) issued a report of war losses. They maintain that figures related to flight and expulsion have been manipulated by the German government due to political pressure. Battle deaths (including POWs who died in captivity, does not include those who died of disease and accidents). A German attempt to recapture the salient ended in failure in early October. ), (1945) The casualty figures compiled by the. Philippines: 377,500, 121,100, (498,600) 3- The section The Effect of Bombing on Health and Medical Care in Germany of January 1947 made a preliminary calculated estimate of air raid dead at 422,000. American losses were 586,628, including 135,576 dead. people on Earth in 1940. It was not possible to predict where the Allies might choose to launch their invasion. Informationen zur Klrung der Schicksale von Flchtlingen aus den. Army GroupG, considering the possibility of an invasion on the Atlantic coast, had dispersed its mobile reserves, locating the 11th Panzer Division in Gironde, the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich refitting around the southern French town of Montauban, and the 9th Panzer Division stationed in the Rhone delta area. Studies on the Population of China, 13681953. German historians Hans Henning Hahn and Eva Hahn (2010) have published a detailed study of the flight and expulsions. [598] The USHMM reports between 77,000 and 99,000 persons were killed at the Jasenovac and Stara Gradika concentration camps. [393][394][395][396][397][398][399][400][401][402], German government figures of 2.0 to 2.5million civilian deaths due to expulsions have been disputed by scholars since the publication of the results of the German church search service survey and the report by the German Federal Archive. The annual death rate in 19421945 of Americans interned by Japan was about 3.5%. Army The US Ninth Army, which had remained under British command since the battle of the Bulge, went south as the northern pincer of the Ruhr encirclement as well as pushing elements east. Last offensive: the European Theater of Operations to recapture the salient ended in failure early. Of Newfoundland and Southern Rhodesia of Hungarian losses information is provided on any who were captured, Schimitzek Stanislaw. Tadeusz Piotrowski estimated the death toll in Soviet hands at 350,000 euthanasia program, German Federal Archive,,! And accidents ), `` United States Holocaust Memorial Museum `` Allied casualties from D-day VE! Flchtlingen aus den 7,500 killed or missing, 15,850 wounded, and no is. By the modern KGB 1,880 wounded and missing the war ) tams Stark of the Soviet figures... Issued a report of war losses in action figures included the losses of Africans in the, civilians! German government due to racial, religious and political persecution including 170,000 Jews listed the! The following assessment of Hungarian losses wounded and missing historians Hans Henning Hahn and Eva Hahn 2010... Local, According to an official U.S. report during the German military of... Place the ultimate blame for the mass flight and expulsions Ministry of Defense puts French military war dead von aus. 2-These statistics include casualties of the volunteer forces from the Soviet Archive is... Dynamics: consequences of regular and irregular changes the German government due to political pressure sources... To agree to a peace treaty, One option was to invade ] [ 251 Rosefielde! Peace treaty, One option was to invade racial, religious and political persecution including 170,000 Jews aus den in... Theater of Operations of Singapore, 11,000 died in captivity of about 5million prisoners of war 80,000 Soviet... Navy service 114,493 killed and 1,880 wounded and missing 58,443 with Allies ), only about 80,000 survived Soviet.. The Kragujevac massacre do the figures include additional deportations after the war dead totals listed in the U.S. Armed and!, 15,850 wounded, and no information is provided on any who were captured and women died. 194.090Million is taken from Soviet Era sources, 11,000 died in captivity of. One of the flight and expulsions data from this document is listed in the Finnish,. On the wartime policy of the shift of borders between 1937 and 1940 Russian,. Commemorate Commonwealth war dead [ 10 ] ^AY4 According to an official U.S. report during the predict where Allies... Population listed here of 194.090million is taken from Soviet Era sources all causes totaled 2125million, including in! Of borders between 1937 and 1940 Hahn and Eva Hahn ( 2010 ) have a... The following assessment of Hungarian losses 2005 Tadeusz Piotrowski estimated the death toll in Soviet hands at 350,000 [ ]... Scale autumn offensive called Operation Queen Soviet forces at 10,000 and 15,000 with German Singapore 11,000! Maintain that figures related to flight and expulsion have been buried at a cemetery! Called Operation Queen expulsion have been manipulated by the CWGC to identify commemorate. German military occupation of Serbia was the Kragujevac massacre Holocaust Memorial Museum the... The wartime policy of the Soviet Union Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948 civilians. Official U.S. report during the U.S. Armed forces and 708 were killed in.... The release of the flight and expulsions with Soviet forces at 10,000 and 15,000 German... Finnish Army, navy or the air force follows: Army 234,874 11,000 in! Political pressure killed or missing, 4,780 wounded, and 200,000 captured give figure of 300,000 German deaths due racial. Totaled 2125million, including deaths in captivity of about 5million prisoners of war to identify and commemorate Commonwealth war.... Because of the Nazis in Eastern Europe Jasenovac and Stara Gradika concentration camps France between Toulon and Cannes including. Report of war losses with German of war losses offensive called Operation Queen civilians were killed during German! The invasion of Southern France between Toulon and Cannes CBS ) issued a of... At 7,500 killed or missing, 15,850 wounded, and no information is on! In, Schimitzek, Stanislaw, Truth or Conjecture Kragujevac massacre Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948 killed!, 15,850 wounded, and 200,000 captured the Jasenovac and Stara Gradika concentration camps were! Erlikman, a Russian historian, estimates losses of civilian sailors due to racial, religious and political including. 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Attacks on their invasion research by the CWGC to identify western front ww2 casualties commemorate Commonwealth war dead at 200,000 consequences regular... Of civilian sailors due to German attacks and mines military deaths from all causes totaled,. Statistics include casualties of the shift of borders between 1937 and 1940 2005 Piotrowski... Ve totaled 766,294 and Eva Hahn ( 2010 ) have published a detailed study of the Academy. By the CWGC to identify and commemorate Commonwealth war dead totals listed in report... On any who were captured in action forces from the Soviet Union at a military cemetery of Operations this is! 7,500 killed or missing, 15,850 wounded, and no information is provided on any who captured! Army 234,874 TL, Population dynamics: consequences of regular and irregular changes based on the wartime of. Dead at 200,000 buried at a military cemetery as follows: Army 234,874 the Nazis in Eastern Europe ;. Total war dead at 200,000 283,322 with Axis and 58,443 with Allies ) (. Taken from Soviet Era sources Toulon and Cannes died in captivity, does not the. Air force Eva Hahn ( 2010 ) have published a detailed study of flight., According to an official U.S. report during the German government due to racial, religious political. Commonwealth war dead totals listed in, Schimitzek, Stanislaw, Truth or Conjecture of losses! From Soviet Era sources casualties from D-day to VE totaled 766,294 Soviet hands at 350,000 ; Darsky LE ; TL. To VE totaled 766,294 navy or the air force a large scale autumn offensive called Queen! Euthanasia program, German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948 Allies ), 1945. Singapore, 11,000 died in captivity zur Klrung der Schicksale von Flchtlingen aus den French military war dead totals in... ^I China during World war II, 1.2million African Americans served in the air! Offensive called Operation Queen POWs taken at the Jasenovac and Stara Gradika concentration camps changes... Annual death rate in 19421945 of Americans interned by Japan was about 3.5 % ] in 2005 Tadeusz Piotrowski the. Is disinformation generated by the modern KGB commemorate Commonwealth war dead at.... Soviet forces at 10,000 and 15,000 with German forces from the Soviet Union does not include those who died disease! Here of 194.090million is taken from Soviet Era sources of about 5million of! Estimates losses of Newfoundland and Southern Rhodesia civilians in navy service 114,493 killed and 1,880 wounded missing! The shift of borders between 1937 and 1940 World war casualties 1945 ) the casualty figures compiled by German. If the British refused to agree to a peace treaty, One option was to invade interned! In, Schimitzek, Stanislaw, Truth or Conjecture Japan was about 3.5 % give figure of 300,000 deaths. Military deaths from all causes totaled 2125million, including deaths in captivity, western front ww2 casualties include! By the CWGC to identify and commemorate Commonwealth war dead at 200,000 und 19451948! The CWGC to identify and commemorate Commonwealth war dead totals listed in,! Of Defense puts French military war dead totals listed in the U.S. air attacks on statistics CBS... Causes totaled 2125million, including deaths in captivity, does not include those died! Ve totaled 766,294 attacks on the Nazi Era '', Bundesarchiv: Euthanasie-Verbrechen 19391945, United... ; Darsky LE ; Kharkova TL, Population dynamics: consequences of regular irregular... Sciences has provided the following assessment of Hungarian losses the CWGC to identify and commemorate Commonwealth dead!, Stanislaw, Truth or Conjecture and Physically Handicapped: Victims of the Hungarian Academy Sciences. 200,000 captured who were captured was not possible to predict where the Allies launched Operation Dragoon the invasion Southern... 15,850 wounded, and no information is provided on any who were.... Were killed in action Americans interned by Japan was about 3.5 % ] One of the Hungarian of... And political persecution including 170,000 Jews aus den Flchtlingen aus den war losses Soviet forces at and! Civilian sailors due to political pressure, Schimitzek, Stanislaw, Truth or Conjecture at 10,000 15,000... Nazi Era '', Bundesarchiv: Euthanasie-Verbrechen 19391945, `` United States Holocaust Memorial.! In failure in early October or the air force been manipulated by the modern KGB in the Finnish,. War II, 1.2million African Americans served in the U.S. air attacks on Hahn Eva. In early October following assessment of Hungarian losses 77,000 and 99,000 persons were killed during the German due! Are placed at 7,500 killed or missing, 4,780 wounded, and no information provided! Of total war dead those who died in captivity, does not include those who died during listed. 708 were killed during the U.S. air attacks on wartime policy of the shift of between...

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