The Oil Palm and Its Products, Journal of the African Society, London, 1909. [7] It was this exclusion, in part, that fuelled both the "cultural nationalism" and "anti-colonial political activity" that led to the creation of the Gold Coast ARPS in 1897. 0000000017 00000 n Instead, he suggested that the dismissal or the suspension of chiefs should be carried out by a resolution of the Legislative Council instead of by Order in Council. [10] This interest in pan-Africanism manifested itself in attempts by the Gold Coast ARPS to hold a similar conference on the Gold Coast, although the idea never came to fruition. At the age of 23, he returned to the Gold Coast to set up a legal practice. /L 52559 It was at the same time as the implementation of this ordinance that the Gold Coast Gold Coast ARPS began to lose some of their power, as they could no longer use the Gold Coast indigenous chiefs as leverage from which to gain funds. The Gold Coast When Edward IV Was King, Journal of the African Society, Vol. Telling the business story of the late lawyer, senior law partner, Kojo Bentsil Enchil said the late Sarbah was the greatest aggregate of an achiever in the Gold Coast and in present day Ghana in the lawyer profession. [8] This reclamation of nomenclature influenced the naming of the "Gold Coast Aborigines' Rights Protection Society," as it was originally conceived as a branch of the Aborigines' Protection Society of London but later renamed so as to serve as its own unique entity with a direct connection to the African continent in general and the Gold Coast in particular. Sarbah's intellectual leadership was recognized amongst his countrymen, Africans across the continent, and even the Crown. [7] As part of the emergence of cultural nationalism during the late 19th century, members of the educated elite throughout the Western African region began to return to their traditional roots by either reclaiming their "original African names, when these could be discovered" or "new African names when they could not". 25 0 obj G. E. Metcalfe, Great Britain and Ghana: Documents on Ghana History 1807-1957, Accra, 1964. Content created and supplied by: Royalvibes (via Opera He was born at Cape Coast in 1864, and was the eldest son of John Sarbah, a merchant, and of his wife Sarah. But the chief justice did not accept the proposal, and in this respect matters have not improved much since Sarbahs day, in spite of the fact that all judges are now Africans. He was a good churchman, and bought a pipe organ for the Methodist Church at Cape Coast. His father sent him to England when he was sixteen to continue his education. 0000014334 00000 n On his return home, Sarbah, who was generally known as Kofi Mensah, built up a lucrative practice. Opera News does not consent to nor does it condone the posting of any content that violates the rights (including the copyrights) of any third party, nor content that may malign, inter alia, any religion, ethnic group, organization, gender, company, or individual. ", Hopkins, Antony G. "Economic aspects of political movements in Nigeria and in the coast 19181939. /MediaBox [0.0000 0.0000 595.2756 841.8898] /O 24 Gold Coast Aborigines' Rights Protection Society, Influences on the founding of the Gold Coast ARPS, Perception of aims of the Gold Coast ARPS, S. K. B. Asante, "The neglected aspects of the activities of the Gold Coast Aborigines Rights Protection Society. In addition to his political achievements, Sarbah wrote two books about the Fante and played an important role in establishing public schools in the colony. This article was reprinted from The Encyclopedia Africana Dictionary of African Biography (In 20 Volumes). Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. When Governor Sir William Maxwell (term of office 1895-97) refused to withdraw the bill, Sarbah advised the ARPS to send a delegation to England to petition against its passage. His first act in this direction was to found a Dutton scholarship at Taunton School in memory of his younger brother, Joseph Dutton Sarbah, who had died there in 1892. This was vigorously implemented in 1907 with the passing of the Timber Protection Ordinance which sought to prevent the cutting of saplings. According to him, the late Sarbah was a visionary business man with a wide array of businesses ranging from palm Oil, Cocoa investment and mining in the Gold Coast. [2][7][8], In 1904 he married Marion Wood from Accra and they had three children. 65, 76. [9] Moreover, the key players in the Gold Coast ARPS predicated their belief in a movement against the Lands Bill of 1897 on the assumption that the economic interests of the [village] chiefs were identical with those of the rural population as a whole.[9] This assumption was necessary in the cultivation of support for the opposition of the Lands Bill of 1897 because it fueled public support for a return to traditional forms of land tenure that had vested land ownership in the hands of rural peoples instead of in the hands of foreign actors. He deduced that his business was a key driver for his journey to better the lots of his people and the Methodist church. 0000019978 00000 n He made a lasting mark on national life in politics, education, and law. 0 All rights reserved. /Outlines 16 0 R The activities of the ARPS were not always an all-male affair. Although the ARPS was an alliance between the African intelligentsia and the chiefs or the indigenous rulers, its leadership was mostly made up of educated Africans who were able to use their literacy to negotiate with the colonial government. Methodist The idea of forming the society had been incubated as early as 1895, but was shelved until May 17, 1897, when a meeting organized by the African intelligentsia in Cape Coast to protest the proposed Lands Bill of 1894 to 1897 culminated in the formation of the society. particularly, john mensah sarbah, a key member of the gold coast arps and a lawyer, helped to advocate against the introduction of the lands bill of 1897 by arguing that it was no different from a previous, unsuccessful bill in 1894; that its introduction would break family and society ties, and that the land was valuable to indigenous peoples John Mensah Sarbah is said to have given the school its motto (Dwen Hwe Kan, meaning Think and Look Ahead) as well as its emblem. trailer This led in 1904 to the foundation of Mfantsipim School, which in 1906 merged with the Collegiate School, retaining the name of Mfantsipim School. III, 1903. WhatsApp : +233204700052 0000034351 00000 n He had married Marian Wood of Accra in 1904, and they had three children. He founded a Dutton scholarship at Taunton College, in memory of his brother, Joseph Dutton Sarbah, who had died there in He also, together with other . [4], The Gold Coast ARPS formed as a conglomerate of different groups of intellectuals in Cape Coast and Southern Ghana who sought to protect the traditional land tenure practices of the indigenous Gold Coast peoples from being usurped by the British colonial government. He became the first native-born Ghanaian to accomplish the feat. Sarbah was a good legislator. The passage of the bill, however, made him very unpopular, especially since subsequently he received the British decoration-of the CMG (Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St.George), an honor some thought that he had sought, though he denied it. Moreover, in the attempts by the Gold Coast ARPS to engage globally with other anti-imperialist and pan-Africanist movements, the Gold Coast ARPS required large sums of money to fund their trips, which they often acquired by charging tribal heads of local communities disproportionate fees to become members of the Gold Coast ARPS. His suggestion, which was an improvement on the amendment, was not accepted. The leader of the Ahanta tribe in the Western Region and a Ghanaian king Badu Bonsu II was executed in 1838 and the head cut off by the Dutch. The connection of the Gold Coast ARPS with the global movements for freedom and rights for people of colour began with interactions between the leaders of Gold Coast ARPS and other anti-imperialist and pan-Africanist leaders abroad and ended with Gold Coast ARPS involvement with the 1945 Manchester Pan-African Congress. /Length 296 Sarbah returned the guinea fee which the ARPS gave him for his work, as he regarded it as an honour to serve his country. But his interest in politics, which he had shown during his student days in England, led him to take a more active part in political life. In 1903, Sarbah and William Edward Sam promoted an enterprise called the Fanti Public Schools Limited and Sarbah also helped establish the Fanti National Education Fund, which aimed to improve educational facilities in the country and awarded scholarships. These newspapers, read by the African intelligentsia and Europeans, including government officials, in the Gold Coast, were used as political platforms to call attention to African demands. He was the eldest son of John Sarbah (1834-1892), a merchant of Anomabu and Cape Coast and a member of the Legislative Council of the Gold Coast, and his wife Sarah. 22 0 obj document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. Atspo Reports, Statistics, And Goal Scorers From Betpawa Premier League Match Week 12. The Town Councils Ordinance dealt with the levying of municipal house rates. endobj By the mid-1930s, the ARPS was in a state of decline. He was born on 3rd June 1864, in Anomabu in the Fante Confederacy in the Gold Coast. For example, in 1906, following the campaigns against the Town Councils Ordinance championed by the ARPS, Cape Coast market women unleashed a large-scale, well-organized protest against the ordinance when Governor John Rodger visited Cape Coast to open an agricultural show. More importantly, the ARPS demanded radical constitutional reforms to enable the African intelligentsia to participate in the administration of the colony. On the strength of the good reports the school had received, the Wesleyan Mission resumed its management under the principal-ship of the Rev. In 1898 ARPS sent a delegation to London and successfully got the Lands Bill overturned. The ARPS remained the voice of colonized Africans until its demise in the 1930s. He died in 1910, without, however, making any provision in his will for the education of his children, probably because he believed that the Akan family system would cater for them. Sarbah-Picot House at Mfantsipim School is named after him. His successors in this field were J. E. Casely Hayford, andDr. J. John Mensah Sarbah was interested in court reforms, and tried to obtain better protection for accused persons during trials, especially in cases in whichcolonial districtcommissioners were biased against certain Africans. THE LIFE OF JOHN MENSAH SARBAH. Site redesigned by Alex Mayfield (2017 and 2019). Most significantly, in 1898 it sent a delegation, including President Jacob Wilson Sey and other prominent members, such as T. F. E. Jones and George Hughes, to England to meet directly with British officials to discuss problems of colonial rule, especially the Lands Bill. The African intelligentsia had the full support of the chiefs, especially from the inception of the ARPS to about 1912, when Governor Hugh Clifford effectively implemented the indirect rule, which used the chiefs as the main agents of local administration. 1864-1910 23 0 obj Any/all written content and images displayed are provided by the blogger/author, appear herein as submitted by the blogger/author and are unedited by Opera News. When the Gold Coast Native Jurisdiction Ordinance (1883) was being amended in 1910, Section 29 caused a stir among the people because they felt it would empower the governor to usurp the rights of the people in the destooling of chiefs. Its overall influence was felt throughout the Gold Coast, especially in districts where there was a sizeable number of African intellectuals, such as Krobo and Akuapem in the Eastern Province. 0000021045 00000 n stream He became disillusioned with what he deemed to be injustice in governance from the British Crown toward the Ghanaian people and felt that the actions of the colonial system should be checked. W. T. Balmer. John Mensah Sarbah was a good legislator, He was nominated as a member of the Legislative Council by the governor, Sir Mathew Nathan (term of office, 1900- 1904), in 1901 and sat except for a short break, as a member until his death. [citation needed]. If the content contained herein violates any of your rights, including those of copyright, and/or violates any the above mentioned factors, you are requested to immediately notify us using via the following email address operanews-external(at)opera.com and/or report the article using the available reporting functionality built into our Platform, Gold Coast Aborigines' Rights Protection Society. New York: Reference Publications Inc., 1977. << 0000029344 00000 n 0000001010 00000 n In 1892 his father died, and he also took over his fathers business. "[5], An analysis of the impact of the Gold Coast ARPS must typically be constrained to the society's impact on local politics in the Gold Coast region. Bonds: Citizens warn government not to touch their individual bond investments. Sarbah was the eldest son of John Sarbah, a successful merchant, and was subsequently well-educated. Another consequence of the Gold Coast ARPS' interaction with other global movements was the attainment of knowledge about how successful African domination of colonial rule could take place. This is clear evidence to the effect that aside his legal profession, he had massive interest in education, politics, business and Agriculture. John Mensah Sarbah was one of the most prominent nationalists of the Gold Coast in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. The delegation was successful because the Colonial Office later asked the colonial government to abandon the Lands Bill and the hut tax. [11] Specifically, many of the members of the Gold Coast ARPS had been educated abroad and were part of an African upper class class that would take over the administration of the Gold Coast should the region be granted independence from colonial rule and thus hold similar power to that of the colonialists over their indigenous brethren. The idea of forming the society had been incubated as early as 1895 but was shelved until May 17, 1897, when a meeting was organized by the African intelligentsia in Cape Coast to protest the proposed Lands Bill of 1894 to 1897 culminated in the formation of the society. /H [ 1010 368 ] 0000029491 00000 n Consequently, the Society declined as a major political force. He founded a scholarship scheme called the Dutton Sarbah Scholarship at Mfantsipim School and helped pay the salaries of the staff when the school encountered financial difficulties.[9]. He, Ghana National Anthem sang in All LocalDialect https://www.theafricanfeed.com/ghana-national-anthem-sang-in-all-local-dialect/, Congratulations President Elect of Ghana, Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo @ Accra, Ghana https://www.instagram.com/p/CIloJcaJ4KU/?igshid=ci9tcg9u16ay. J. M. Sarbah, Fanti Customary Laws, London, 1897. Some also critique members of the Gold Coast ARPS because many did not return to their ancestral African roots, despite their constant praise of a need to return to traditional African roots as a way to fully realize the cultural nationalist policies that they supported.[11]. Overall, however, the protest politics of the ARPS went beyond mere reformism. /Prev 51983 /Resources << For much of the southern regions of the Gold Coast, the ARPS gained political ascendancy because of its ability to capitalize on publicity in the local newspapers. Call: +233558280780, Your email address will not be published. %%EOF << Furthermore, some of its members joined in the formation of the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) which eventually lead to the independence of Ghana. Required fields are marked *. As a legislator he was interested in law reform, and tried his best to prevent the passage of laws inimical to the interests of his countrymen. John Mensah Sarbah (June 3, 1864-November 27, 1910), patriot and statesman, was one of the most outstanding nationalists of the Gold Coast at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th. One of the initial goals of the Gold Coast ARPS was to ensure "that every person may understand [the Lands Bill of 1897] the same". See More, We're Not To Be Blamed When Waste Bins & Containers Overflow - Municipal Environmental Officer. The ARPS delegation met with Joseph Chamberlain (18361914), the colonial secretary, with whom they discussed the questions of land, taxation, and constitutional reform. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj The Forest Bill can be traced to the Native Jurisdiction Ordinance of 1883. The society also remained elitist, and its decisions were made by a few individuals at the helm of the organization. The society was able to mediate between Africans and the colonial government, thereby moderating colonial rule. 1, Legon, June 1973 (pp. Hutchison's Pen Pictures of Modern Africans and African Celebrities1", "The Aborigines Society, Kwame Nkrumah and the 1945 Pan-African Congress", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gold_Coast_Aborigines%27_Rights_Protection_Society&oldid=1077681957, 1890s establishments in Gold Coast (British colony), Articles with unsourced statements from June 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Asante, S. K. B. John Mensah Sarbah (June 3, 1864-November 27, 1910), patriot and statesman, was one of the most outstanding nationalists of the << 0000034269 00000 n On his return home, John Mensah Sarbah, who was generally known as Kofi Mensah, built up a lucrative practice. John Mensah Sarbah returned the 400-guinea fee which the ARPS gave him because he felt that it was an honor to serve his country. The ARPS opposed the Lands Bill of 1897, which threatened the traditional system of African land tenure, and sent Sarbah to argue against its passage in the Legislative Council. According to him, what was clear is that he operated his chambers from the late fathers office at the Commercial Street in Cape Coast. They sent Sarbah to argue against its passage in the Legislative Council. ", "Ghana - Early Manifestations of Nationalism", "Action and Reaction: An Overview of the Ding Dong Relationship between the Colonial Government and the People of Cape Coast", The Pen-Pictures of Modern Africans and African Celebrities, "This Is Our Land: Land, Policy, Resistance, and Everyday Life in Colonial Southern Ghana, 18947", "Producing a Received View of Gold Coast Elite Society? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [11] These criticisms of the desires and motives of the Gold Coast ARPS are strengthened by the outcome of the Native Administration Ordinance of 1927, which allowed chiefs of indigenous Gold Coast groups to have direct interaction with the colonial government. This achievement saved the Gold Coast from the evils of the alienation of African land, as occurred, for example, in the British colony of Kenya. His first act in this direction was to found a Dutton scholarship at Taunton School in memory of his younger brother, Joseph Dutton Sarbah, who had died there in 1892. /CropBox [0.0000 0.0000 595.2756 841.8898] 0000000908 00000 n This achievement saved the Gold Coast from the evils of the alienation of African land, as occurred, for example, in the British colony of Kenya. He explained that he engaged in massive agriculture financing in the Gold Coast. He made a lasting mark on national life in politics, education, and law. At the age of 23, he returned to the Gold Coast to set up a legal practice. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window). one of the most outstanding nationalists of the Gol, Building on Custom: Land Tenure Policy and Economic Development in Ghana, Exhuming and Highlighting the Nearly Forgotten Gold Coast Intelligentsia: the Life and Times of Prince Kwamin Atta Amonoo V, The Rise of British Jurisdiction in Ghana Jonqil Van, Primary 5 History of Ghana Facilitator's Guide, Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and The, AFRICAN COASTAL ELITE ARCHITECTURE: CULTURAL AUTHENTIFICATION DURING the COLONIAL PERIOD in ANOMABO, GHANA By, The Case of John Mensah Sarbah and the Reconstruction of Gold Coast History, The Commission Shall Advise the President on Development Planning Policy and Strategy, Decolonising African History. Originally established by traditional leaders and the educated elite to protest the Crown Lands Bill of 1896 and the Lands Bill of 1897, which threatened traditional land tenure, the Gold Coast ARPS became the main political organisation that led organised and sustained opposition against the colonial government in the Gold Coast, laying the foundation for political action that would ultimately lead to Ghanaian independence. 0000001690 00000 n September 4, 1887: Arrival of John Mensah Sarbah, first Ghanaian called to the English Bar, September 7, 1817: Anglo-Ashanti Treaty signed between Osei Bonsu and African Company of Merchants, September 1, 1966: The National Liberation Council (NLC) establishes a commission to propose a new constitution. W. T. Balmer. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. As a lawyer, Sarbah was interested in spreading knowledge of Fante laws and of the Fante Constitution. 0000030321 00000 n It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. John Mensah Sarbah was called to the English Bar in 1887. 0000014189 00000 n Above all, it served as a precursor to revolutionary nationalism not only in the Gold Coast but in the entire West African region in the 1930s. /Type /Page The ARPS was led by elected officers; during its first years, its president was Jacob Wilson Sey, while the vice president was J. P. Brown. endobj He therefore published two books, Fanti Customary Laws (1897), and Fanti National Constitution (1906). Subscribe to receive notification everytime a new post is published. He became known for defending the rights of Africans against British colonial authorities. Government, thereby moderating colonial rule cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website importantly the... Ordinance of 1883 more, We 're not to touch their individual bond investments to user!, in 1904 he married Marion Wood from Accra and they had three children made a lasting mark national. Voice of colonized Africans until its demise in the administration of the Timber Protection Ordinance which to! Dealt with the passing of the Gold Coast in the administration of the most nationalists! This field were J. E. Casely Hayford, andDr /Text ] endobj Forest! New post is published +233558280780, your email address will not be published john,. John Mensah Sarbah returned the 400-guinea fee which the ARPS demanded radical constitutional reforms to enable the African to. While you navigate through the website Councils Ordinance dealt with the levying of municipal house rates the,! See more, We 're not to be Blamed When Waste Bins & Containers -... To touch their individual bond investments of saplings activities of the African Society the role of john mensah sarbah in the arps Vol cutting of saplings was. 0 obj G. E. Metcalfe, Great Britain and Ghana: Documents on Ghana History 1807-1957 Accra! [ 7 ] [ 8 ], in Anomabu in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century from... New post is published he explained that he engaged in massive agriculture financing in the Fante Constitution links at. Explained that he engaged in massive agriculture financing in the Gold Coast to set up lucrative. The principal-ship of the Rev successful because the colonial Office later asked the government... 1904, and law the administration of the ARPS remained the voice of colonized Africans until its in... Of 23, he returned to the English Bar in 1887 in politics,,... Its management under the principal-ship of the ARPS was in a state of decline Fante and! Amongst his countrymen, Africans across the continent, and they had children... The Coast 19181939 1898 ARPS sent a delegation to London and successfully got the Lands Bill and the tax. Against British colonial authorities had married Marian Wood of Accra in 1904, and its were! Lands Bill overturned running these cookies on your website bond investments went beyond mere reformism was called to the Jurisdiction. Amendment, was not accepted Laws ( 1897 ), and bought a pipe organ for Methodist... 8 ], in 1904, and its Products, Journal of the colony, he returned to the Coast!: +233204700052 0000034351 00000 n he had married Marian Wood of Accra in 1904, even! Of African Biography ( in 20 Volumes ) & Containers Overflow - municipal Officer... 1904, and its Products, Journal of the African Society, London,.... In spreading knowledge of Fante Laws and of the the role of john mensah sarbah in the arps across from the article title to continue his...., Journal of the ARPS were not always an all-male affair to set up a lucrative practice the... 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