One of these accidents undoubtedly occurred on Turkish Airlines flight 981. [3] The explosion also damaged cables needed to fly the aircraft. What caused the mysterious explosions? [9][7], The French Minister of Transport appointed a commission of inquiry by the Arrt 4 March 1974. You can reach the final report of that accident via the official report link. Known as the "Ermenonville air disaster", from the forest where the aircraft crashed, the accident resulted in the deaths of all 346 on board. Miss Sevim Emeksiz, 20, student Mr. Brian Lucius Arthur, 32, married, two children, real estate agent . Most damning of all: McDonnell Douglas and its contractors knew exactly how dangerous the failure of the cargo door could be, and deliberately stymied efforts to do something about it. Mr. Ladislas Mayer, 42, married, two children, aeronautical engineer Mr. Rex Morley, 40, married, three children, farmer By the second half of the 1960s, famed aircraft manufacturer Douglas was in trouble. Crew of craft TC-JAV ( A detailed account here) Mr. Nejat Berkoz Mr. Mrs. Mable Doris Newton, 53, widow, civil servant On March 3, 1974, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 operating the flight crashed into the Ermenonville forest outside Paris, killing all 346 people on board. Mr. Martin Robert Perry, 26, married, insurance agent Miss Sukran Mihlar, 17, student Miss Danielle N Guyen Thi, 22, student, , May they rest without remorse May my deed change the way we fly Bruno Druesne. McDonnell Douglas eventually decided to target Turkeys state-owned flag carrier THY, known in Turkish as Turk Hava Yollari and in English as Turkish Airlines. Date March 3, 1974, located at Orly Airport, Paris, France. Join the discussion of this article on Reddit! Ms. Sheelagh (Cave) Hurble, 45, divorced, four children Mr. Rehn Claus Peterson, 49, married, three children, company president Mr. Christopher Mather Kendall, 31, married, two children, company director anset2000it. There are no survivors.. Forensic evidence showed that they must have been carried out after the plane arrived in Turkey, although Douglas engineers continued to perform maintenance on it for some time following its arrival. Although Convair informed McDonnell Douglas of the potential problem, Douglas ignored these concerns, because rectification of what Douglas considered to be a small problem with a low probability of occurrence would have seriously disrupted the delivery schedule of the aircraft, and caused Douglas to lose sales. Had a binding regulation been issued, it is more likely that the door on fuselage #29 would have been properly modified and in good working order when it was delivered to Turkish Airlines, and the disaster might not have happened. McDonnell Douglas thus devised a locking system which, unlike most similar systems, was not intended to keep the door shut, but simply to indicate whether it was properly closed. The cabin blew out! First Officer Ulusman exclaimed. However, he closed the door with excessive force. Mrs. Christine Carmen Bland, 46, married, librarian Miss Rachel Margaret Cowie, 47, accountant, BELGIAN However, a number of factors eventually compelled them to agree to the purchase of three of the orphaned DC-10s sitting at Long Beach Airport. [3] It also required improving the electrical wiring having to do with the cargo door, so that if the cargo door was not closed properly, the light in the cockpit indicating that the door was still open would stay lit.[3]. _________________________________________________________________. McGowen feared that an Airworthiness Directive, which is public and would be released to the media, might harm sales of the DC-10 relative to the L-1011. It should be noted, however, that a view port was provided so that there could be a visual check of the engagement of the lock pins. But disaster was undoubtedly inevitable. Mr, Nigel John Norcliffe Roberts, 24, wine merchant Furthermore, they would only have to put up 10% of that cost right away; the US Export-Import Bank would give them a special low-interest loan to cover the rest. A large section of the floor near the last few rows of seats consequently failed, collapsing down into the cargo hold. In order to move the DC-10s massive control surfaces, the pilots inputs are transferred throughout the plane by means of mechanical cables which feed their commands to an array of hydraulic actuators. Turkish Airlines Flight 981 - Passengers Passengers 167 passengers flew on the Istanbul to Paris leg, and 50 of them disembarked in Paris. The DC-10 went out of control and, despite the best efforts of the pilots, crashed into the forests of Ermenonville, 37 km northeast of Paris. Mrs. Clara Lux, 79, widow, one child, typing school director In the aftermath of Flight 96, the NTSB made several recommendations. Mr. Frederick Ernest George Sanders, 42, married, one child, company director What Is SID Standard Instrument Departure . The balance of the plane was disturbed when about 300 people moved forward. Owing to its large radius, the cargo hatch on the DC-10 could not be swung inside the fuselage without taking up a considerable amount of valuable cargo space. On the Turkish side, Air Force officials who were deeply involved in the management of the airline also liked the idea of the DC-10. Mr. Geoffrey Rawlinson, 52, company director Indeed, the pilots immediately assumed that they had been involved in a mid-air collision; in their minds, it was the only possible explanation for so many simultaneous failures. Its anger was justified by recent history. On 3 March, 1974, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 [1] operating the flight suffered an explosive decompression and crashed into the Ermenonville Forest, shortly after it had left Paris. Mr. Otto Sigmund Kohnstamm, 72, married, one child, doctor and his wife Winifred, 51, secretary 53, and their daughter Alejandra Maria, 15, student, AUSTRALIAN After Flight 96, McDonnell-Douglas added a small peephole that allowed the baggage handlers to visually inspect the pins, confirming they were in the correct position, and placards to show the correct and incorrect positions of the pins. [3][4] At the point of impact, the aircraft was travelling at a speed of approximately 430 knots (490mph; 800km/h) in a slight left turn, fast enough that the plane disintegrated into millions of pieces instantly. Speed! The sheer speed of the plane was causing lift to increase, thus raising the nose, but they werent pulling up fast enough. As of 6 December 2015, Flight 981 is still the deadliest single-plane accident with no survivors. Eggert then moved to close the locking handle, only to find that it would not close all the way. Mr. George Desmond Hunt, 47, married, two children, court official 177 passengers and four crew members came from the United Kingdom. B. See airlines, aircrafts, flight time and distance, flight schedules and timetables. On 3 March 1974, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 operating the flight crashed into the Ermenonville Forest, outside Paris, killing all 346 people on board. Mr. Mark Dunsford Dottridge, 31, writer Mr. Masaki Imazeki, 23, bank management trainee Discover Airbus A330-300 En 1974, les familles endeuilles se recueillent dans lhorreur absolue du site dvast. And Turkish Airlines seemed like the easiest place to begin. One of the fundamental issues with the original design was that there was no way to tell from the outside whether the hinge was in fact over-center or not. Even though the pilots' ability to control the aircraft was compromised by the severing of some of the underfloor cables in the blown-out section of the plane, they were able to land it in Detroit without further injuries. A McDonnell Douglas DC-10, flying as American Airlines Flight 96, had experienced an explosive decompression in the aft cargo hold in June 1972. Mr. Elfryn Lloyd, 46, married, five children, aeronautical designer The top 10 countries with the highest number of fatal civil airliner accidents from 1945 to 2021 are the United States, Russia, Canada, Brazil . The DC-10 plowed through the trees for the better part of a kilometer, disintegrating utterly as it went, carving out a hellish trail of shattered pine trees, riven soil, and pulverized metal. Mr. Tetsuro Sato, 23, bank management trainee In 1974, Bereaved families pray and look in utter horror at the devastation where the 300 ton DC-10 was reduced to small shards of twisted metal and personal effects scatted over a large area. incomplete application of Service Bulletin 52-37; incorrect modifications and adjustments which led, in particular, to insufficient protrusion of the lock pins and to the switching off of the flight deck visual warning light before the door was locked; the circumstances of the closure of the door during the stop at Orly, and, in particular, the absence of any visual inspection, through the view port, to verify that the lock pins were effectively engaged, although at the time of the accident inspection was rendered difficult by the inadequate diameter of the view port. However, the depressurization of the cargo hold would not have been catastrophic were it not for one critical side effect. After all, if Lockheed captured this new market, McDonnell Douglas would probably cease to exist; everything thus depended on the success of the new plane: the DC-10. Mrs. Hedwig Morley, 65, widow, one child Passengers: 335: Crew: 11: . There was nothing actually wrong with Applegates argument, he wrote in his official reply the possibility of failure was real, as was the likelihood that Convair would be held liable in the event of a crash. American Airlines flight 96 touched down at high speed on its main landing gear, but within seconds the DC-10 began to veer to the right, rumbling off the runway and across the grass, headed straight for a cluster of airport buildings. A dense, white fog filled the plane as water vapor instantly condensed out of the air. Technological advances were able to eliminate most of these problems, though. Nor could it have been done the stamps were dated July 18th 1972, before any instructions for the repair had even been drafted. [2] The loss of the rear left cargo door caused a huge pressurization difference with the cabin right above it. Mrs Francis Eustace Hill, 55, married, two children, company director An improper adjustment had been made to the locking pin and warning light mechanism, however, causing the locking pin travel to be reduced. [2][8] Also on board was Georgina Forester, a model who had recently married and who was daughter of John Youens, the then-Chaplain-General of the British Army. About 2 years before this accident, an American Airlines plane in Windsor, USA, had a disaster for the same reason. The airlines pressed hard for the features they wanted, knowing that the manufacturers could not refuse for fear of losing the order, and both companies scrambled to design and build all the thousands of pieces that go into an airliner in as short a time as possible. To turn left, the ailerons increase the angle of attack of the right wing and reduce the angle of attack of the left wing, causing the right wing to generate more lift and turn the plane. Some other passengers cancelled their tickets due to delays or for not finding enough seats. Mrs. Selvinaz Cetin, 30, married, two children Twenty harrowing minutes after the explosion, American Airlines flight 96 came to a stop half on, half off the runway, all 67 passengers and crew shaken but alive. Following the Windsor incident (which, it should be noted, might not have happened if the vent door had remained open when the locking pins didnt engage) McDonnell Douglas had another opportunity to rethink its door design. THY was understandably reluctant to take on the responsibility of operating the DC-10, given the state of their knowledge and infrastructure. This possibility of a catastrophic failure as a result of this overall design was first discovered in 1969, and actually occurred in 1970 in a ground test. Mr. Yuji Okamura, 23, bank management trainee The underlying factor in the sequence of events leading to the accident was the incorrect engagement of the door latching mechanism before take-off. Also on board was John Cooper, who won silver medals in men's 400 meter hurdles and the 4X400 meter relay at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Mr. Nicholas Paul Jones, 16, student In 1967, Douglas admitted defeat. Mr. Kaaumasa Kawabata, 26, textile company manager Mr. Fumihiro Fujita, 22, trading company management trainee via Tirana 3h 50. Despite this, the changes required by the service bulletin (installation of a support plate for the handle linkage, preventing the bending of the linkage seen in the Flight 96 incident) had not been implemented. Furthermore, safety concerns prevented the company from selling as many DC-10s as they had hoped. On the morning of the 3rd, one such flight that had many empty seats was THY Turkish Airlines flight 981, service from Istanbul to London via Paris. Mr. Owen James Williams, 28, merchant Germanwings Flight 9525 was a scheduled international passenger flight from Barcelona-El Prat Airport in Spain to Dsseldorf Airport in Germany. With the locking pins overlapping the flanges by only 2.5 millimeters even at full extension, and no support plate to stop the torque tube from bending, only 13 pounds (57 Newtons) of force were required to bend the torque tube and lock a door that was not fully over-center. The pilots tried to save their crippled plane, but the pitch controls had been destroyed, sending the plane into an irrecoverable dive, and the jet crashed less than two minutes later in the Ermenonville Forest, killing all 346 passengers and crew. Mr. Edwin William Wardley, 46, married, five children, leather merchant Mr. David Herman Kween, 30, married, two children, merchant (and his wife Phyllis, listed under U.S, victims) Mr. Gregory Robert Anthony Rynsard, 18, student The Flight and The Accident. Select a stopover airport from the list below to see which airlines operate flights from RUH to PLW, and to see what flight schedules are available. Mr. Milton Safran, 49, married, four children, antique dealer Mrs. Ilgun Erdin, 31, widow, civil servant Mrs. Vildan Yardimci, 24, married, civil servant However, earlier in 1972, they had run into an unexpected hiccup. Additionally, the handle moved a metal plug into a vent cut in the outer hatch panel. Because of a known design flaw left uncorrected before and after the production of DC-10s, the cargo hatches did not latch reliably, and manual procedures were relied upon to ensure they were locked correctly. Mr. John Patrick McClinton, 26, sales representative Turkish sources said that 15 Turks were on board. Captain Berkz tried to pull up, but there was no response. No one, not even the experienced police captain, could have been prepared for what they actually found. On the 3rd of March 1974, Pariss Orly Airport was in chaos. The only way for him to find out would have been to look through the little viewing window to determine the position of the locking pins, but this was explicitly not his job. Ms. Jean Constance Fillery, 35, divorced, secretary There were a number of other things wrong with the cargo door on fuselage #29 as well. So similar, in fact, that in 2017 the Boeing 737 MAX 8 could be produced with an egregious design flaw, kept hidden from the FAA, which resulted in two preventable crashes at unready airlines in developing countries, killing (coincidentally) 346 people. The plane was diving ever more steeply toward the ground, spiraling downward faster and faster, hurtling toward the fields, forests, and villages below. Mr. Motohisa Kinugasa, 22, bank management trainee and 1 each from Belgium, Cyprus, West Germany, Greece, Iran, Israel, Ireland, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Portugal, Senegal, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and South Vietnam. TK981 was scheduled to fly from Istanbul to London Heathrow, with a stop in Paris Orly airport. The loss of control of these key components meant that the pilots lost control of the aircraft entirely. The aircraft was carrying just 167 passengers and 11 crew members in its first leg. Turkish Airlines Flight 981 was a scheduled flight from Istanbul Yesilky Airport to London Heathrow Airport, with an intermediate stop at Orly Airport in Paris. The passenger doors on the DC-10 are plug doors, designed to prevent their opening while the aircraft is pressurised. There was no hangar at Istanbul Airport that was big enough for a DC-10, so all maintenance work had to be done with the tail sticking out into the weather. The plane yawed sharply left, the nose dropped, and all three engines rolled back to idle. Shortly after 12:40 pm, just after Flight 981 passed over the town of Meaux, the rear left cargo door blew off. The NTSB was understandably upset that the recommendations it made after the Windsor incident, which could have prevented the Turkish Airlines disaster, were not implemented. To this day, this is the deadliest incident on French soil and the fourth deadliest accident in the history of civil aviation. The aircraft, a DC-10 Series 10 (production designation Ship 29), was built in Long Beach, California, under the manufacturer's test registration N1337U,[1] and leased to Turkish Airlines as TC-JAV on 10 December 1972. This stop absorbs most of the forces acting upon the door in flight. Today, the story of the DC-10 cargo door and the suffering it caused is often oversimplified, reduced to the two accidents, the gentlemens agreement, and the Applegate memo. Berkz called "Speed!" Hurt carefully considered the contents of the so-called Applegate memo, and eventually decided to reject Applegates suggestion. Turkish Airlines boasts an immensely diverse route network, serving more destinations than any other carrier worldwide. When US Airways Flight 427 began its approach to land in Pittsburgh on September 8, 1994, the Boeing 737 suddenly rolled to the left and plunged 5,000 feet to the ground, killing all 132 people . Quite simply, the extra weight of passengers caused the cabin floor to fail more completely than in the Windsor incident, when no passengers were seated in the area above the rear cargo hold. In this case, the airline did not have a ground engineer on duty at the time of the accident, and the flight engineer for Flight 981 failed to check the door personally. But as he held down the button to drive the latch actuator, the voltage dropped and the actuator stopped before the hinges could move over-center. Mr. Edward William George Sturgess, 57, married, lithographer and his wife Edith Amelia, 57 aviation pioneers, accidents, posts, figures. To the NTSBs surprise, however, the FAA declined to mandate either of its proposed changes. This greatly contrasted with Flight 981, where all of the underfloor cables were severed in the decompression, and the pilots lost all control of their plane. The cause: a poorly designed cargo door locking mechanism which allowed the door to come open in flight. Mr. Franois Druesne, 35, married, five children, chemical engineer The deal was closed in late September 1972, leaving very little time to get the planes and the airline ready by Christmas. The lock tube was nearly 8mm short of the correct position, which meant that the locking pins only partially overlapped the flanges even at full extension, instead of passing beyond them. In the cockpit, the explosion caused the plane to yaw violently to the right, and Captain McCormicks rudder pedals slammed into their stops and jammed beyond the full nose right position. Mr. Peter Jeremy Green, 27, married, two children, farmer Everywhere Captain Lannier looked, there were body parts, lying on the ground, mixed into the wreckage, impaled on trees. Reviews aren't verified, but Google checks for and removes fake content when it's identified On March 3, 1973, Flight 981, a DC-10 aircraft owned and flown by Turkish Airlines and carrying. Nine passengers were never identified. Berkz tried increasing engine power, but he reversed his input as their speed increased toward 430 knots. 3 each from Argentina, Portugal, Taiwan, and Yugoslavia. Mr. Hayim Kohen, S 1, married, two children, exporter and his wife Coya, 43, exporter The investigation sparked blame on Turkish Airlines and Douglas itself since both were at fault for different parts of the crisis. Mrs, Hannah Marianne Richards, 59, married, nurse A huge hole had opened up near the back of the cabin, throwing part of the floor, two rows of seats, and six passengers out into the sky. Additionally, the FAA ordered further changes to all aircraft with outward-opening doors, including the DC-10, Lockheed L-1011, and Boeing 747, requiring that vents be cut into the cabin floor to allow pressures to equalise in the event of a blown-out door. Mr. Michiaki Ohhama, 23, bank management trainee The plane had to stay 30 minutes more at the airport as a result. [2] The plane, owned by Mitsui, was originally to be purchased by All Nippon Airways, but the Japanese airline declined the aircraft in favor of the Lockheed L-1011 TriStar. Mr. William James Patrick Hayes, 50, married, six children, sals executive Mrs Carol Lemmer, 28, married, one child, hospital administrator Mr. James Allan Overton, 37, married, three children, engineer and his wife Susan Brenda, 31 To ensure this rotation was complete and the latches were in the proper position, the DC-10 cargo hatch design included a separate locking mechanism that consisted of small locking pins that slid behind flanges on the lock torque tube (which transferred the actuator force to the latch hooks through a linkage). All rights reserved, aviation related posts, aviation pioneers and aviation accidents, 12 November 1996 Charkhi Dadri Mid-air Collision, Japan Airlines Flight 123 12th August 1985, Pegasus Airlines Flight 8622 Trabzon Turkey, Airports of Germany and Numbers Between 2015-2021, Martinair Flight 138: Sri Lankas Deadliest Airplane Crash, Lauda Air Flight 004: The Plane That Exploded Mid-Air, Korean Airlines Flight 007: The Shootdown, China Airlines Flight 140: The Deadly Go-Around, Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 17 July 2014, Nine Eleven The Greatest Tragedy in Aviation History, United Airlines Flight 718 & TWA Flight 2: The Grand Canyon Mid-air Collision 1956, Germanwings Flight 9525: A Horrid Tragedy, Tenerife Airport Disaster 27 March 1977. As a result, the NTSB now communicates directly with the FAA regarding the former's recommendations for safety improvements, and the FAA may issue Airworthiness Directives based on those recommendations. All three throttle levers snapped back to idle and the plane began to pitch down. Contact me via @Admiral_Cloudberg on Reddit or by email at kylanddempsey@gmail.com. Passengers stuck at the airport as a result of the strike bought tickets to the first plane that could take them back to London, THY 981. Turkish Airlines (TK) Turkmenistan Airlines (T5) TUS Airways (U8) Tway Air (TW) Twin Jet (T7) Ulendo Airlink (NYS) Ultra Air (U0) UM Air (UF) Uni Air (B7) . While various parties explored a design solution, the Western regional office planned to issue a series of ADs mandating interim fixes, beginning with a requirement to implement McDonnell Douglass improvement to the latch actuator wire. Mr. Tctsuo Okura, 23, bank management trainee 3 March 1974; THY Turkish Airlines DC10; TC-JAV; flight 981; near Paris, France: The aircraft was a scheduled international flight from Paris to London. Meanwhile, McDonnell Douglas continued to sell DC-10s, now with the changes to the door incorporated prior to delivery. The name given to the crashed DC-10, Ankara, is still used on an Airbus A340-300 (TC-JDL, MSN: 57) in Star Alliance livery. The incident led to the addition of the manual locking handle and the vent door, which didnt resolve the underlying problem (that it was possible to pressurize the airplane even if the latches were not over-center, eventually leading to an explosive decompression). Mr. Thomas Roger Marriage, 37, married, three children, farmer In the final 15 seconds, the aircraft's descent rate began to decrease as the nose raised as a result of the aircraft's high speed. Mr. Robert Arthur Milne, 36, married, compositor and his wife Pauline, 35, design artist The result of the gentlemens agreement was, of course, that modifications to the cargo door proceeded on a voluntary basis with no firm timeline. Mr. Peter Frederick Warnett, 36, married, one child, technical services representative On the 3rd of March 1974, a packed Turkish Airlines DC-10 was rocked by a tremendous explosion shortly after takeoff from Paris. Back in the passenger cabin, the flight attendants hurried to prepare the passengers for an imminent emergency landing. Together, the pilots ran through what was working and what wasnt. Any instructions for the same reason Paris Orly Airport, Paris,.... Via @ Admiral_Cloudberg on Reddit or by email at kylanddempsey @ gmail.com they had hoped cancelled their due... Given the state of their knowledge and infrastructure power, but he reversed his as. Occurred on Turkish Airlines flight 981 - passengers passengers 167 passengers and 11 Crew members in its leg... Out of the aircraft entirely email at kylanddempsey @ gmail.com French soil and the fourth deadliest accident the! 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